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CITY OF DUBLIN
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AGENDA STATEMENT
City Council Meeting Date: March 25, 1991
SUBJECT:
EXHIBITS ATTACHED:
RECOMMENDATION:
~/6)
FINANCIAL STATEMENT:
Status Report on Drought and Proposed Water Rationing
(Report by Public Works Director Lee Thompson)
1) Potential Impacts and Solutions for Parks
2) Potential Impacts and Solutions for Streets
3) Potential Impacts and Solutions for Buildings
1)
Direct Staff to take measures to address
reductions requested in voluntary Stage 1
rationing (i.e., adjust water pressure, install
water conservation signs, landscape irrigation
modifications, and additional aeration).
Review and provide input regarding proposed Staff
comments to the Dublin San R~mon Services District
Board.
Direct Staff to investigate the possibility of
postponing the landscaping on San Ramon Road Phase
IV.
Consider deferring the Dublin High School Baseball
and Athletic Fìeld project.
Direct Planning and Building Inspection Staffs to
pursue changes to private development landscaping
requirements and prepare a report to the City
Council regarding these issues.
If it appears that wells are feasible and
necessary, authorize Staff to prepare plans and
specifications for development of wells.
Review priority list for total irrigation shutdown
and provide direction to Staff. -
Direct Staff to continue monitoring drought
restrictions and to research solutions, and to
report back to the City Council as changes occur.
2)
3)
4)
5)
7)
8)
The cost of the initial solutions will be offset by
reduced water bills. If and when additional funds are
needed, Staff will return to the City Council with a
detailed report and request a transfer of funds OR
include a request for funding as part of the
preliminary budget for FY1991-92.
DESCRIPTION: Until this year, the City of Dublin has not experienced any
mandatory rationing of water from its local supplier, the Dublin San Ramon
Services District (DSRSD). DSRSD water is supplied, for the most part, by the
State Water Project through the Alameda County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District (Zone 7). The State has recently announced that it will
cut off all water allocations to Zone 7 (after the 10% Zone 7 has already
received), requiring that all domestic water be then pumped from existing Zone
7 wells and augmented by available water in the Del Valle reservoir. There is
approximately five to ten years of water reserve in the ground; however, the
ability to deliver it is based on the capacity of the well pumping systems.
DSRSD Staff has informed City Staff that mandatory rationing will likely occur
this summer, and that the City may experience a 75% reduction in irrigation
water because of Zone 7's pumping limitations. This mandate could have a
severe impact on City-owned landscaping, parks, and recreational facilities.
This report discusses the impact, options to lessen the impact, and costs
involved if such a rationing program is imposed by the District. The costs
contained within this report are initial estimates, and actual costs may vary
significantly as more information is received from DSRSD. The savings from
reduced water usage may offset DSRSD's recent large increase in water rates,
as well as costs to lessen the impact of the cutback.
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ITEM NO&!-
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POTENTIAL DSRSD RESTRICTIONS
DSRSD has scheduled a public hearing for March 26, 1991, to consider a water
rationing plan. Staff has met with DSRSD representatives to discuss their
proposed cutbacks. DSRSD Staff is proposing a phased program which allows
them to implement staged reductions depending on the availability of water.
The District is proposing to establish monthly limits of a specified number of
gallons in order to reduce consumption. The limit for a particular location
will be established based upon the size of the water meter (i.e., 1 inch vs. 2
inch meter). The proposed stages are as follows:
Stage 1: Voluntary 25% Reduction: Buildings 15%; Irrigation 50%
Stage 2: Mandatory 40% Reduction: Buildings 25%; Irrigation 75%
Stage 3: Mandatory 50% Reduction: Buildings 31%; Irrigation 92%
Stage 4: Mandatory Emergency curtailment: Stage 3 plus selected meter
shutdowns to achieve minimum fire flow pressure.
As shown in the proposed rationing program, a greater reduction is required
from irrigation sources than from building sources. It is believed that
irrigation uses are more easily reduced and typically utilize greater amounts
of water. If the allotments are exceeded, a sliding scale of increased water
charges will be imposed which can increase the cost per unit by up to 600%.
The current staff proposal which will be presented to the DSRSD Board of
Directors would allow entities with more than one meter to pool their
allocation. This is extremely important in addressing the reductions at
public facilities. It will allow the City the flexibility to potentially plan
for some facilities to go without water while applying that allocation to a
facility of higher priority. These types of decisions will depend on the
severity of cutbacks implemented by DSRSD.
DSRSD Staff will recommend that Stage 1 drought reductions begin April 1st as
a voluntary program and that mandatory Stage 2 reductions begin May 1st and
end September 30, 1991. Stage 1 would not include any penalty or credits, and
the only incentive would be the moral issue and to save water costs. The time
periods would be subject to change due to continuing rainfall in California;
however, for purposes of examining the City's situation with respect to
current facilities and Capital Improvement Projects, it is assumed that the
City will experience a 75% reduction in irrigation water during the period of
May 1 to September 30, 1991.
CITY STAFF COMMENTS ON DSRSD PROPOSAL
Staff recognizes the need to conserve water, and this issue is considered in
the design and installation of capital projects as well as in a regular
irrigation maintenance program. However, it is important that the DSRSD Board
of Directors be aware of concerns with the proposal, which will be considered
on Tuesday, March 26, 1991.
First, it is important that customers with multiple meters be allowed to pool
their allocations. As discussed, this would allow the City flexibility in
applying our allocation to facilities with the highest priority.
The second area of concern is with the assumed reductions vs. the gallons
allotted per meter. Late in the week of March 18th, DSRSD provided usage data
for City facilities during 1990. Staff has conducted a preliminary analysis
of the figures, and it appears that the imposed reductions will be much more
severe for City facilities than assumed by DSRSD.
For example, Kolb Park has a two-inch water meter which would result in an
allocation of 2,280 gallons per day during Stage 2. According to DSRSD
records, the 1990 use at this location averaged about 24,000 gallons per day
during the period of June 1, 1990, to October 10, 1990. Therefore, if Stage 2
were implemented, this would result in a 91% reduction at this facility. The
DSRSD projections had assumed that this stage would result in a 75% reduction.
Staff recommends that the City Council authorize drafting a letter to be
presented at the DSRSD hearing on March 26th. The letter will encourage
allowing the pooling of allocations for customers with multiple meters and
recommend that DSRSD reconsider their allocation per meter based on our
-2-
preliminary review of the data. As shown above, it appears that if the
current limits are imposed, reductions on City facilities will substantially
exceed the projections presented by DSRSD Staff.
The City Council may wish to identify other issues or concerns which would be
appropriate to present at the public hearing. Also, the City Council may wish
to consider whether an elected official should attend the hearing.
ANALYSIS OF RATIONING IMPACTS
The following analysis is based upon the percentage which is stated as a goal
by DSRSD. If actual gallons allowed results in a greater reduction, the
impacts will be more significant than described in this analysis.
Stage 1 Impacts (Voluntary)
Buildings: The effects of all stages on City buildings will be minimal.
Building Maintenance Staff will reduce the pressure on wash basins, adjust
toilet flushing mechanisms, and install water conservation signs. Compared to
the irrigation water usage, the building water usage is negligible. The only
additional cost involved would be about $1,000 for the purchase·of signage and
flow restrictors (for areas where valves cannot be adjusted).
Staff anticipates that the pool and pool house would remain open during all
stages by using flow restrictors on showers, toilet tank displacement bags,
and signing.
Staff has already shut off the City's fountains; however, the pumps must be
run for a short time each day in order to avoid water contamination, to keep
the equipment functional, and to save future repair costs.
Irrigation: In parks, median landscaping, and assessment district
landscaping, the proposed irrigation cutbacks to 50% of normal water will, in
general, cause stress to the City's landscapes. The turf in both City parks
and street landscaping will have poor color and an increased likelihood of
insect damage, disease, and damage from normal use. However, with additional
turf aeration, reduced nitrogen fertilization, and increased mowing heights,
these turf areas will remain usable. The cost for two additional aerations
may range from $15,000 to $27,000. Mulching of existing tree wells in both
parks and streets, at a cost of about $5,000, would also aid in maintaining
soil moisture.
Landscaping such as some assessment district slopes and median ground covers,
already damaged by frost this past winter, will have trouble surviving on the
50% reduction. Staff proposes to change the irrigation systems in the median
ground cover beds (Dublin Boulevard, Amador Valley Boulevard, and some parts
of Village Parkway) to drip systems and water only shrubs and trees. Many of
the ground covers in these medians are significantly damaged by frost and
would require an unusually large amount of water to recover. Staff recommends
changing these systems to drip irrigation at a cost of about $2,500 to $3,500
and using the water saved to add more irrigation water to the Stagecoach Road
slopes where an established ground cover is required to maintain slope
stability.
The use of a water truck with recycled water could provide additional water
where needed and where accessible to the truck. The cost for trucked water is
generally $60.00 per hour.
Capital Improvement Projects: Staff recommends that the Dublin High School
Baseball and Athletic Fields project be delayed. The establishment of turf
during the cutbacks would likely use more water than the School District can
guarantee to provide. Because of this, the success of this project would be
at risk, and the project should be delayed. This recommendation is the
subject of a separate item on this agenda.
Staff recommends pursuing the postponement of San Ramon Road Phase IV
landscaping until after the restrictions are lifted. Some additional cost may
be incurred if the contractor is requested to come back at a later date to
install the plants. Additional information will need to be obtained on the
impact to the contract and grant funding which is already in place.
-3-
Stage 2 Impacts (Mandatory)
Buildings: This stage proposes a mandatory 25% reduction in water usage for
buildings. It is Staff's determination that measures used in Stage 1 will
still be sufficient to meet the Stage 2 reduction.
Parks, Medians, and Assessment District Landscaping: Stage 2 reductions will
not only turn all turf areas brown but may impact the normal use of some
facilities. The Dublin Sports Grounds and the Dublin High School Football
Field may have extensive damage to turf because of organized athletic use.
The extent of water available to the football field is solely at the
discretion of Dublin Unified School District. Areas of turf already under
stress from a 75% reduction in water may not survive if exposed to athletic
use. The fields may, in fact, become hazardous due to loss of grass causing
tripping hazards during Stage 2 and possible extending into the fall soccer
seasons depending on the extent of restrictions.
One solution being explored is the installation of wells at the Dublin Sports
Grounds and at Shannon Park. The feasibility of wells is governed by the
quantity and quality of available ground water, the longevity of wells in the
area, and the cost. Drilling a well for this summer season would require
beginning the design work immediately and approving a waiver of the formal
bidding procedure to shorten the process. DSRSD Staff is researching their
old well files to provide the City with records of wells in the vicinity of
these two parks. A preliminary well development cost estimate is $45,000 for
a 500-foot-deep well. The net savings from water charges for the Dublin
Sports Grounds alone would be about $30,000 per year. The use of a well at
the Dublin Sports Grounds would allow for increased usage at other park
locations. The long-term implications of reliance on wells would need to be
more fully evaluated prior to pursuing this option further.
A more long-term solution that is being researched for Dublin Sports Grounds
water is the re-use of waste water from the treatment plant in Pleasanton.
Additional treatment would need to be performed on this waste water to make it
safe for personal contact. The prelminary cost of this new treatment facility
would be $300,000; however, because of the lead time for installation, the
City would not be able to use it this summer season.
Additionally, Stage 2 reductions may force the City to let certain lawn areas
go dormant and just water enough to keep the root systems of turf areas alive.
The cost to reseed an acre of turf is approximately $2,500 to $3,500 with a
slit seed operation. This would allow for a quicker recovery after
restrictions are lifted. In turn, the water saved from allowing a facility to
go dormant could be used to augment the water available to higher priority
facilities.
Stage 3 and 4 Impacts (Mandatory)
Stage 3 and 4 impacts are combined because the reductions are the same;
however, Stage 4 allows DSRSD to temporarily shut down meters to maintain
adequate pressure on their system for fire protection.
Buildings: In addition to Stage 1 and 2 impacts and solutions, some
maintenance activities requiring the use of water may have to be deferred or
reduced to assure compliance. These activities may include window washing and
mopping, but not to the extent that public safety is compromised. If a Stage
4 shutdown occurs, facilities that operate kitchens or restrooms where public
health is involved may have to shut down or severely limit normal activities.
Parks, Medians, and Assessment District Landscapes: The proposed DSRSD Stage
3 reduction is approximately 92% for irrigation meters. Stage 4 may involve a
complete temporary shutdown. This will have a devastating effect on all
existing landscapes. In addition to measures that could be implemented in
Stage 2, certain facilities or types of landscapes would have to be shut down
in order to save other facilities. This may greatly impact soil erosion
control in the assessment districts and some parks, as well as the ability to
provide safe and usable athletic fields and parks.
-4-
Priorities for Stage 3 and 4 Reductions: A suggested priority list for total
water shutdown and the estimated costs of plant replacement for each area is
provided on Page 3 of Exhibit 1. Staff recommends that the City Council
review the priority list and provide input.
PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT MEASURES THAT THE CITY CAN IMPLEMENT
The Planning Department, in conjunction with the City's Building Department,
has suggested some potential water conservation conditions and measures for
private development projects that come under City review. Implementation of
these measures would require future revisions to the Zoning Ordinance and/or
internal policies.
1) Require developers to install water-conserving irrigation systems.
2) Require developers to install drought-tolerant, water-conserving plants
and landscape features.
3) Allow developers with approved landscaping plans to delay installation of
plants during a drought if the developer provides adequate security to
guarantee installation of the plants after the drought.
4) Require water-conserving devices in new developments.
5) Require large users to install parallel water lines, where practical, to
allow for use of reclaimed water.
This is a side issue to the restrictions on City facilities but one that needs
to be addressed to complete the City-wide policy on water usage. Staff
recommends that additional Staff research be done on this phase of the policy
and that a report be provided to the City Council at a future meeting.
SUMMARY
As additional information is obtained from DSRSD and others regarding
restrictions, costs of wells, and other implementation measures, the nature of
impacts will become more evident. Costs included in this report are initial
estimates and may be subject to significant change. The City Council should
review this report and make comments and/or provide direction. Staff will
have additional information from DSRSD following its March 26 Board meeting
when the mandatory reduction plan is proposed to be finalized. Staff is
reviewing an account analysis from DSRSD that will assist in determining the
impact on our current utility budget, as well as providing an historical use
of each facility. Final recommendations may hinge upon the content of that
analysis.
The intent of this report is to inform the City Council and the public on the
very recent and possibly significant events that are occurring as a result of
the drought, to preliminarily outline the City's alternatives as the drought
shapes the near future of Dublin's public landscaping, and to begin the
process of developing a water policy as directed by the City Council in the
recently-approved Goals and Objectives.
Staff recommends that the City Council direct Staff to continue to monitor the
restrictions and explore solutions to reduce the impacts of water cutbacks.
It is further recommended that Staff return to the City Council with
additional information as it becomes available.
-5-
POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS FOR PARKS
LOCATION
TURF ACREAGE
BEDDING ACREAGE
Stagecoach Park
Kolb Park
Dolan Park
Alamo Creek Park
Dublin Sports Grounds
Mape Park
Shannon Park
Swim Center
Civic Center
Dublin High School Football Field
.41
2.97
2.90
4.62
17.47
2.79
3.47
2.20
2.71
3.06
.22
.46
1.95
.50
1.00
.21
.48
.04
1.27
.04
STAGE 1 (50% IRRIGATION REDUCTION)
IMPACT
SOLUTION
POTENTIAL COST
Turf will turn brown
- Increase mowing height.
No cost
Reduce nitrogen in
fertilizer.
No cost
Aerate turf in April & June,
in addition to routine aeration
in August.
$300/acre/time
Newly planted material
may die
- Defer planting any new material
until a later date
Frost-damaged material
may die
Use recycled water trucked in
$60/hour/truck
_ Convert irrigation systems $2,000 to $4,000
in bedding areas where ground
cover is already weak to drip
systems to protect shrubs and
trees; bank the water saved to
use at athletic field turfs (DSG
and High School).
- Deep water trees more frequently.
Impacts of Stage 1 reductions will be greatest on the athletic fields (Dublin
Sports Grounds and the Dublin High School Stadium). Consideration should be
given to limiting the use of the fields for practice during Stage 1 to
protect the turf areas from extensive damage. Bedding areas most affected
are Dolan Park and Shannon Park. Dolan has a large acreage of ground cover
which is recovering from frost damage. Shannon Park was recently planted.
EXHIBIT 1 PARKS PAGE 1
STAGE 2 (67% TO 75% IRRIGATION REDUCTION)
IMPACTS
SOLUTIONS
POTENTIAL COSTS
Turf will be brown,
root systems will be
damaged.
Allow turf to go dormant at
all non-athletic use areas
and water to protect roots.
*Possible reseed-
ing at $2,500 to
$3,500/acre.
Install wells at DSG and
Shannon Park
** $50,000 to
$60,000 per well
including piping
Newly planted material
will die
- Install well at Shannon
$50,000 to
$60,000
including piping
Existing groundcovers
will probably die
Increase use of trucked
recycled water where possible.
$60/hour/truck
Existing shrubs and
trees probably will
show stress
Deep water into root zone; use
trucked recycled water
$60/hour/truck
* Costs are for re-seeding the entire area of turf. When a lawn is allowed
to go dormant, the idea is to use the available 25% of water to protect the
root system of the turf areas. It is likely that the turf would recover
anywhere from 75% to 100% in the fall when the restrictions are lifted.
** The City would not be billed for the use of well water; consequently, the
annual cost of water used at the Sports Grounds and Shannon Park could be
subtracted from the City's annual water cost, potentially saving
approximately $40,000 per year, or allowing the City to use the water saved
to provide additional irrigation water to other facilities during Stage 3 or
Stage 4 restrictions.
For Stage 2 reductions, if a well is not installed at the Dublin Sports
Grounds, the result will be severe damage to the turf due to organized
athletic use. Conditions and liabilities may warrant consideration of
suspending organized use of DSG as well as the Dublin High School Stadium to
prevent injuries due to the condition of the fields.
STAGE 3 (92% IRRIGATION REDUCTION)
All Stage 2 impacts apply; however, the extent of damage will be much
greater. At this stage, serious consideration should be given to closing
turf and bedding areas to the general public to minimize damage. Any
watering that could be done would be accomplished solely to protect the root
zones of various trees and turf areas. This minimal watering may be the
difference in only having to re-seed a park in the fall or having to
completely renovate a turf area.
EXHIBIT 1 PARKS PAGE 2
STAGE 4 (EMERGENCY CURTAILMENT)
All Stage 3 impacts would occur; however, if curtailments are extended for
periods of time, the City could expect to have to renovate some landscapes.
Portions of parks would have to be closed for safety and liability reasons.
PRIORITIES FOR FACILITY SHUTDOWN (STAGE 3 AND 4)
Following is a suggested priority for total water shutdown at park facilities,
ranked from first priority to last priority:
COST OF POTENTIAL ESTIMATED
LOCATION RENOVATION AREA REPLACEMENT COST
1) Park Groundcovers .20 .30/SF 3.00 acres $26,000 to $40,000
2) Park Turf .30 .40/SF
a) Civic Center 2.71 acres $35,000 to $47,000
b) Mape Park 2.79 acres $35,000 to $47,000
c) Stagecoach Park .41 acre $ 5,000 to $ 7,200
d) Kolb Park 2.97 acres $38,000 to $50,000
e) Dolan Park 2.90 acres $38,000 to $50,000
f) Dublin Swim Ctr. 2.20 acres $28,000 to $38,000
g) Alamo Creek Park 4.62 acres $60,000 to $80,000
h) Shannon Park 3.47 acres $45,000 to $60,000
i) Dublin Sports Grounds 17.47 acres $228,000 to $304,000
Costs for renovating turf area are reflective of allowing the entire turf area
to go dry and having to renovate soil.
EXHIBIT 1 PARKS PAGE 3
POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS FOR
MAJOR STREET LANDSCAPING AND ASSESSMENT DISTRICTS
LOCATION TURF ACREAGE
BEDDING ACREAGE
Major streets (Dublin 1.88
Boulevard, San Ramon Road,
Amador Valley Blvd., Amador
Plaza Road, Regional Street)
5.11
Stagecoach Assessment
District
5.38
Dougherty Assessment
District
1.24
2.39
DESCRIPTION
Major Streets: The landscaping on the major streets includes median turf and
bedding, sidewalk street trees, and sidewalk bedding areas.
Stagecoach Assessment District: This maintenance assessment district
includes landscaping along Stagecoach Road and the "interior slopes" on Agate
Way and Coral Way. The cost of maintenance including utilities, is paid by
the property owners of the Dublin Hills Estates development and the Amador
Lakes Apartments.
Dougherty (Villages) Assessment District: This maintenance assessment
district includes street-side and median landscaping along Dougherty Road
(Amador Valley to Fall Creek), Amador Valley Boulevard (Dougherty to
Wildwood), Wildwood Road, Fall Creek Road, and Willow Creek Drive. The cost
of maintenance is paid by the property owners within the Villages at Willow
Creek development.
STAGE 1 (50% IRRIGATION REDUCTION)
IMPACTS
SOLUTION
POTENTIAL COST
Turf will be brown
Aerate turf in April & June
in addition to routine
aeration in August.
$300/acre/time
Increase mowing height.
No cost
Reduce nitrogen in
fertilizer
No cost
Existing groundcovers,
shrubs, trees damaged
by frost may die
Convert irrigation systems
drip wherever possible to
provide more water to shrubs
and trees.
$2,500 to $3,500
Use trucked recycled water.
$60/hour/truck
EXHIBIT 2 STREET LANDSCAPING, PAGE 1
IMPACTS
SOLUTION
POTENTIAL COST
Frost damaged
material, cont'd
Additional deep watering for
trees.
No cost
Install additional mulch to
protect trees.
$5,000
Newly planted material
may die
Use trucked recycled water.
$60/hour/truck
Defer planting.
No cost
The most significant Stage 1 impact will be in trying to recover the damaged
gazania in the Stagecoach Assessment District. These sloped areas were
heavily damaged by frost. Sufficient water could probably be saved by
converting as many of the major street medians as possible to drip systems
and using that water for the Stagecoach Assessment District; however, the
ground cover in the converted street medians would die as a result. Most of
these ground covers on Dublin Boulevard, Amador Valley Boulevard, and Village
Parkway, were too significantly damaged by frost to waste water trying to
save them now.
STAGE 2 (67% TO 75% REDUCTION)
IMPACT
SOLUTION
POTENTIAL COST
Turf will be brown
and root systems will
be damaged.
Allow turf to go dormant.
Water only to protect roots.
Possible re-
seeding at $2,500
to $3,500/acre.
All existing ground-
covers may die.
Increase use of trucked
recycled water.
$60/hour/truck
Estimated use is
12 hours/week or
$720/week.
Existing trees and
shrubs weakened by
frost or other causes
may die.
Increase use of trucked
recycled water
(Same as above)
Impacts will severely affect all locations.
dead from Stage I restrictions will probably
All groundcovers not
be damaged or die in
damaged or
Stage 2.
Costs for reseeding are for an entire area of turf. When a lawn is allowed
to go dormant, the idea is to use the available 25% of water to protect the
root system of the turf areas. It is likely that the turf would recover
anywhere from 75% to 100% in the fall when the restrictions are lifted.
STAGE 3 (92% IRRIGATION REDUCTION)
All Stage
greater.
estimated
2 impacts apply; however, the extent of
Turf and ground cover areas will likely
cost of renovation is as follows:
damage will be much
need to be renovated.
The
EXHIBIT 2 STREET LANDSCAPING, PAGE 2
COST OF POTENTIAL ESTIMATED
LOCATION RENOVATION AREA REPLACEMENT COST
1) Median Groundcover $ .20 .30/SF 3.00 acres $26,000 to $40,000
2) Median Turf .30 .40/SF 1. 88 acres $25,000 to $32,000
3) Assess. Dist. Turf .30 .40/SF 1. 24 acres $16,000 to $22,000
4) Assess. Dist. Ground-
cover .20 .30/SF 2.39 acres $21,000 to $31,000
STAGE 4 (92% + POSSIBLE SHUTDOWN)
Stage 3 impacts apply. Certain areas may need to be closed to the general
public for safety and liability reasons such as fire, erosion control, and
tripping hazards.
EXHIBIT 2 STREET LANDSCAPING, PAGE 3
POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDINGS
CITY BUILDINGS
Civic Center
Shannon Community Center
Dublin Senior Center
Dublin Swim Center/Bathhouse
Corporation Yard
STAGE 1 15% REDUCTION
STAGE 2 = 25% REDUCTION
STAGE 3 31% REDUCTION
STAGE 4 31% REDUCTION AND POSSIBLE TEMPORARY SHUTDOWNS
Stage 1 and 2 reductions can be met by re-adjusting all sinks, toilets, etc.,
to minimum amounts of flow yet still maintain operation. The cost would be
about $1,000 to purchase low flow restrictors for locations where volumes
cannot be adjusted, and to purchase signage to promote water conservation
measures. As Stage 3 and 4 restrictions occur, it may become necessary to
defer certain maintenance and janitorial functions or reduce the frequency of
activities such as window washing and mopping. If water is shut down during
Stage 4 for more than a few hours, some buildings may have to close for
health reasons.
EXHIBIT 3 BUILDINGS, PAGE 1