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HomeMy WebLinkAbout6.2 Vomac Rd Stdy Hearing CITY OF DUBLIN AGENDA STATEMENT City Council Meeting Date: March 23, 1987 SUBJECT: Public Hearing: Vomac Road Study EXHIBITS ATTACHED: Report from TJKM RECOMMENDATION: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Open Public Hearing Receive Staff report and public testimony Question Staff and the public Close Public Hearing and deliberate Authorize Staff to install reflective pavement markers at location indicated, increase enforcement of the speed limit, and meet with parents of school children regarding compliance with traffic laws. FINANCIAL STATEMENT: Approximately $500 for installation of reflective markers. DESCRIPTION: At the City Council meeting of September 8, 1986, during the public hearing regarding Donohue Drive, the property owner of a residence on Vomac Road stated that Vomac should have been studied along with Donohue. The City Council directed Staff to review traffic statistics on Vomac Road and report back at a later date. TJKM has prepared a report which includes the following information. Speed Study TJKM's speed study indicated that the 85th percentile speed northbound on Vomac Road was 33 m.p.h, and southbound was 34 m.p.h. Traffic Officer Dennis Atkinson has indicated that speeding seems primarily to occur in conjunction with the hours that parents drop 0}f and pick up children from the school located on Vomac. Traffic Counts/Warrant Analysis The total 24-hour traffic count for Vomac Road was 2,536 vehicles per day, which is a comfortable level for a residential street. Counts were also taken at the approaches to the intersection of Vomac Road and Shannon Avenue, which was determined to be the intersection with the most traffic. The average volume for the eight highest hours was 289 vehicles, with the minor street averaging 85 vehicles per hour. STOP sign warrants are not met at this intersection, and it is assumed that the warrants are also not met at the other intersections on Vomac Road between Landale Avenue and San Ramon Road. Accident History The predominant type of accident on Vomac involved parked cars. None of the six accidents in the last three years was of a type preventable by STOP signs. Recommendation Based on the studies conducted, there is a need to reduce the speeds along Vomac Road. TJKM recommends the following actions: ITEM NO.~__~ COPIES TO: TJKM Mr. Wayne Masten 1) Increase police enforcement, particularly during the afternoon peak period and at noon. 2) Repaint the double yellow stripe on Vomac Road and install reflective pavement markers along the outer edge of the stripe. This will effectively narrow the lane, and the sound of the car running over the markers may cause some inattentive drivers to slow down. 3) Ask school administrators to stress to parents of school children to obey speed laws and warn them that violators will be cited. Dublin Police Services concurs that a meeting with the school PTA is in order. STOP signs are not recommended, as they are not effective speed-reducing devices. MEMORANDUM 4637 Chabot Drive, Suite 214 Pleasanton Ca. 94566 (415) 463-0611 DATE: March 13, 1987 TO: Lee Thompson, City Engineer City of Dublin FROM: Ty Tekawa SUBJECT: Vomac Road From Landalc Avenue to San Ramon Road - Traffic Study Introduction An item on the agenda for the City Council meeting of September 8, 1986 was the review of TJKM's traffic study of Donohuc Drive from Amador Valley Boulevard · to Landale Avenue. This review included comments from residents. During the public hearing, a former resident of Donohuc Drive expressed the feeling that Vomac Road from Landale Avenue to San Ramon Road should have been included in the Donohuc Drive study. After the City Council approved the installation of 3-way STOP sign installations on Donohue Drive at its intersections with Ironwood Drive and Irving Way, the mayor directed staff to review traffic statistics on Vomac Road. This memo summarizes the study of Vomac Road. Existing Conditions ¥omac Road is a two-lane road from Landale Avenue to San Ramon Road. The street is 40' wide and marked with a double yellow center line. There are three crosswalks crossing Vomac Road. One crosswalk is a standard white crosswalk located at the east leg of the intersection at Countess Street. Warning signs and pavement markings are placed in advance of this crosswalk. The other two crosswalks are painted yellow for school children at a private school located on the east side of ¥omac Road. The crosswalks are located on the south leg of the intersection of Holanda Lane and the north leg of the intersection of Shannon Avenue. Both crosswalks have the required advance pavement legends and signs. There is a sharp curve on Vomac Road near Deervale Road and Cavalier Lane. The street is posted for the prima facie speed limit of 25 mph. The development along the street, except for the school, is single family residential with driveways on Vomac Road. Parking is allowed on both sides of the street except in front of the school and for about 100 feet on the east side from Landale Avenue north. STOP signs have been installed on Vomac Road at San Ramon Road and at Landale Avenue. All cross streets to Vomac Road are controlled with STOP signs. All cross streets form a "T" intersection with Vomac Road except for Millbrook Avenue, which is a four legged intersection. ¥omac Road and its existing controls are depicted in Figure 1. PLEASANTON · SACRAMENTO · FRESNO ' CONCORD [ ' ' '~ LEGEND · ' w65 = SCHOOL SIGN X W2(Z5)= SPEED LIMIT = "SLOW SCHOOL XlNG" LEGEND t RI: STOP S : "STOP" LEGEND W54= PED XING " = CROSSWALK MARCH I011987 NO SCALE CITY OF DUBLIN Vomac Road From ~~ FIG'URE San Ramon Road To Landale Avenue Existing Conditions I Mr. Lee Thompson -2- March 13, 1987 Speed Study To measure the severity of the speeding pro, blem on Vomac Road, a radar speed survey was conducted. The radar equipment was located 200 feet south of Millbrook Avenue. The survey was conducted from 2:30 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. on January 23, 1987. The 50th percentile speed both northbound and southbound was 30 miles per hour (mph). The northbound critical or 85th percentile speed was 33 mph, while southbound was 34 mph. The critical or 85th percentile speed is the speed at or below which 85 percent of the drivers were traveling. Most northbound vehicles (88 percent) were in the 25 to 34 mph range and most southbound vehicles (80 percent) were in the 26 to 35 mph range. The 85th percentile speed is the primary indicator of a speed limit which might be imposed subject to secondary factors such as accident experience, traffic volumes, road features and other special features. Although the 85th percentile speeds of 33 mph northbound and 34 mph southbound indicate a speed limit higher than 25 mph, TJKM does not recommend raising the speed limit. The 25 mph speed limit is appropriate because the development along ¥omac Road is single-family residential with numerous driveways. The existence of the school and related pedestrian activity also indicate the need to retain the existing 25 mph speed limit. The following Figures 2 and 3 are summary sheets of the radar speed study. Police Experience In an interoffice memorandum written from Deputy Dennis Atkinson to Lieutenant Severini on December 18, 1986, traffic conditions and speeding on Vomac Road were commented upon. It was stated in the memo that there is a problem with violations of 22350 C¥C (unsafe speed). The majority of the violations occur during commute hours and noon. The majority of the speeding problem appears to be from parents rushing their children to school. Deputy Atkinson also noticed a decrease in traffic volumes over a period of a few months. He attributes this decrease to the installation of traffic signals at San Ramon Road and Alcosta Boulevard. The signals allow a free flow of traffic, thus elimipating the need to use Vomac Road as a short-cut. Traffic Counts and Warrant Analysis Twenty-four hour machine traffic counts were taken on February 17 through 19. Figure 4 is a tabulation of the count showing the hourly counts and totals. The average daily traffic in both directions was 2,536 vehicles per day with the northbound direction totaling 1,275 vehicles and the southbound direction totaling 1,261 vehicles. These volumes are well within the comfortable level for a residential street. This level of traffic should not cause residents any distress due to the volume of traffic. TJKM also conducted 24-hour machine counts at the approaches to the intersection of Vomac Road and Shannon Avenue. See Figures 5 through 7. This was determined to be the intersection with the most cross street traffic because Shannon Avenue connects directly with San Ramon Road. All other cross streets are within the immediate residential area. The traffic approaching the intersection was checked against STOP sign warrants (Figure 8). A summary of the analysis is shown on Figure 9. As shown on the figure, the average traffic volume for the eight highest hours is 289 vehicles. The minor street volume averages 85 vehicles FIGURE. 2 SPOT SPEED STUDY ANALYS.~ FOR THE CITY OF DUBLIN LOCATION VOMAC RD. 200'S/O MILLBROOK DIRECTION NORTHBOUND DAY OF THE WEEK FRIDAY DATE 1/23/87 TIME OF THE DAY 2:35-3:55 PM POSTED SPEED LIMIT 25 VEHICLES OBSERVED 102 AV. DEVELOPMENT RESIDENTIAL 50th PERCENTILE SPEED 30 ' 85th PERCENTILE SPEED 33 10 MPH PACE SPEED 25 TO 34 PERCENT IN PACE SPEED 88 RANGE OF SPEEDS 21 TO 47 SKEWNESS INDEX 1.20 SPEED NUM- (MPH) BER OF TOT. 21 1 0.98 22 1 0.98 23 1 0.98 24 0 0.00 25 4 3.92 26 9 8.82 27 9 8.82 28 12 11.76 29 9 8.82 30 16 15.69 31 13 12.75 32 8 7.84 33 7 6.86 34 3 2.94 35 1 0.98 36 4 3.92 37 1 0.98 38 0 0.00 39 0 0.00 40 1 0.98 41 0 0.00 42 0 0.00 43 1 0.98 44 0 0.00 45 0 0.00 46 0 0.00 47 1 0.98 48 0 0.00 49 0 0.00 50 0 0.00 51 0 0.00 52 0 0.00 53 0 0.00 54 0 0.00 55 0 0.00 56 0 0.00 57 0 0.00 58 0 0.00 59 0 0.00 60 0 0.00 61 0 0.00 CUMULATIVE SPEED PERCNT. CUMUL. PRCNT. 0.98 1.96 2.94 2.94 6.86 15.69 24.51 36.27 45.10 60.78 73.53 81.37 88.24 91.18 92.16 96.08 97.06 97.06 97.06 98.04 98.04 98.04 99.02 99.02 99.02 99.02 100.00 100.00 100.00 10o. 00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 CURVE 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 10 20 I ! cee I I I · I I I I · I I I I--.-~--I-- I I I · I I I le I I I le I I I lc--I-- I, le I® I I® I ~ I I , · I · I · I · I · I · I I ~ I · I I · I I · I I ~ · I · I I · I · I · I 30 40 50 60 SPEED (MPH) I I I SPOT SPEED STUDY ANALYS~ FOR THE CITY OF DUBLIN FIGURE 3 LOCATION VOMAC RD. 200'S/O MILLBROOE DIRECTION SOUTHBOUND DAY OF THE WEEK FRIDAY DATE 1/23/87 TIME OF THE DAY 2:35-3:55 PM POSTED SPEED LIMIT 25 VEHICLES OBSERVED 108 AV. DEVELOPMENT RESIDENTIAL 50th PERCENTILE SPEED 30 - 85th PERCENTILE SPEED 34 10 MPH PACE SPEED 86 TO 35 PERCENT IN PACE SPEED 80 RANGE OF SPEEDS 18 TO 40 SKEWNESS INDEX 1.00 CUMULATIVE SPEED CURVE SPEED NUM- PERCNT. CUMUL. (MPH) BER OF TOT. PRCNT. 100% 18 1 0.93 0.93 19 0 0.00 0.93 20 1 0.93 1.85 21 0 0.00 1.85 90% ~ ~ 1.85 3.70 23 1 0.93 4.63 84 5 4.63 9.26 25 ~ 2. 78 12.04 80% 26 7 6.48 18.52 27 11 10.19 28.70 28 10 9.26 37.96 29 8 7.41 45.37 70% 30 11 10.19 55.56 31 8 7.41 62.96 32 1'='~ 11. 11 74.07 3~ 7 6.48 80.56 60¢ 34 8 7.41 87.96 35 5 4.63 92.59 36 4 3.70 96.30 37 0 0.00 96.30 50% 38 1 0.93 97.22 39 0 0.00 97.~':'~ 40 ~ ~ ~ ':'.78 100.00 4i 0 0.00 100.00 40% 42 0 0.00 100.00 43 0 0.00 100.00 44 0 0.00 100.00 45 0 0.00 100.00 30% 4~ 0 0.00 i00.00 47 0 0.00 100.00 48 0 0.00 100.00 49 0 0.00 100.00 20% 50 0 0.00 100.00 1 0 0.00 100.00 52 0 0.00 100.00 53 0 0.00 100.00 10% 54 0 0.00 100.0'0 55 0 0.00 100.00 56 0 0.00 100.00 57 0 0.00 100.00 0% 58 0 0.00 100.00 I eel I I-- I I I l-- 0 10 20 30 40 50 SPEED (MPH) 60 FIGURE .4 HOURLY, 2 CHANNEL VEHICLE COUNT REFERENCE: DUBLIN CORRECTION FACTOR: 1.00 LOCATION: VONAC RD. BETWEENNSXANNON AVE. & HILLBROOK AVE. F[LENAHE: (NO FILE) WEATHER : CLEAR #EEK OF HONDAY 2 / 16 / 87 OPERATOR: HIETEK HOUR NONDAY I6 TUESDAY 17 HEDNESDAY 18 THURSDAY 19. FRIDAY 20 SATURDAY 21 SUNDAY 22 HEEKDAY AVERAGE BEGINS N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S .............................................................. ~ ..................................................................... 12 AH * * * * 8 3 9 3 * * * * * * 9 3 1 * * * * 6 3 2 1 * * * * * * 4 2 2 * * * * 3 2 3 2 * * * * * * 3 2 $ * * * * 4 2 8 4 * * * * * * 6 3 4 * * * * 4 2 J 1 * * * * * * 3 2 5 * * * * 7 15 13 18 * * * * * * 10 17 6 * * * * 23 38 19 38 * * * * * * 21 38 7 * * * * 67 110 74 118 * * * * * * 71 114 8 * * * * 113 160 107 164 * * * * * * 110 162 9 * * * * 40 44 44 45 * * * * * * 42 4S 10 * * 30 37 47 38 * * * * * * * * 39 38 11 * * 63 62 48 42 * * * * * * * * 56 S2 12 PN * * 88 58 78 65 * * * * * * * * 83 62 I * * 69 67 60 58 * * * * * * * * 65 63 2 * * 69 90 67 97 * * * * * * * * 68 94 3 * * 141 i00 140 83 * * * * * * * * 141 92 4 * * 121 118 123 110 * * * * * * * * 122 114 5 * * 161 121 135 118 * * * * * * * * 148 120 6 * * 88 93 114 97 * * * * * * * * 101 95 1 * * 59 S7 57 57 * * * * * * * * 58 57 8 * * 47 34 54 31 * * * * * * * * 51 33 9 * * 28 26 48 28 * * * * * * * * 38 27 lO * * 20 14 12 17 * * * * * * * * 16 16 11 * * 9 9 11 11 * * * * * * * * I0 I0 TO[ALS * * 993 866 1269 1231 280 394 * * * * * * 1275 1261 CONBINED TOTALS 12 * * 11 12 * * , 12 I * * 9 3 * * , 6 2 * * $ 5 * * * 5 3 * * 6 12 * * * 9 4 * * 6 2 * * * 5 S * * 22 31 * , , 27 6 * * 61 57 * , , 59 7 * * 177 192 * * , lBS 8 * * 273 271 * * , 272 9 * * 84 89 .- * , , 87 I0 * '67 85 * * * * 77 11 * 125 90 * * * * 108 12 * 146 143 * * , , 145 I * 136 118 * * , , 128 2 * 159 164 * * , , 162 3 * 241 223 * * , , 233 4 * 239 233 * * , , 236 5 * 282 253 * * * * 268 6 * 181 211 * * * * 196 7 * 116 114 * * , , 11S 8 * 81 85 * * , , 84 9 * 54 76 * , , , 65 10 * 34 29 * * * * 32 11 * 18 22 * , , , 20 TOTALS * 1879 2500 674 * * * 2536 FIGURE 5 TJKH PAGE 1 HOURLY, I CHANNEL VEHICLE COUNT REFERENCE: DUBLIN CORRECTION FACTOR: 1.00 LOCATION: VOMAC RD. S/O SHANNON AVE. FILENAHE: (NO FILE) WEATHER: CLEAR , TUESDAY 5/ IO / 87 OPERATOR: NIETEK HOUR HONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY WEEKDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 7 DAY BEGINS 9 10 11 12 13 AVERAGE 14 15 AVERAGE 12 * * $ * * S , , I * * 6 * * 6 * * 6 2 * * 8 * * 8 * * 3 * * 1 * , 1 * * I 4 * * 4 * * 4 * * 4 5 * * 18 * , 18 * * 18 6 * * 40 * , 40 * * 40 7 * * 66 * * 66 * * 66 8 * * 86 * , 86 * * 86 9 * * 74 * * 74 * * 74 lO * * 51 * * 51 * * II * * 54 * * 54 * * 54 P~ 12 * * 72 * * 72 * * 72 1 * * 55 * * 55 * * 55 2 * 87 * * , B? * * 87 5 * 125 * * , 125 * * 125 4 * I15 * * , 115 * * 115 5 * I$0 * * , 150 * * 150 6 * 81 * * , 81 * * 81 7 * 74 * * , 74 * * 74 8 * 58 * , , ~8 * * 38 9 * 43 * * , 45 * * 45 10 * 16 * * , 16 * * 16 ii * 7 * * , 7 * * 7 TOTALS * 716 540 * * 1256 * * 1256 ! AV8 WkDAY I AVG DAY AM PEAK HR * * 8 , .~ , , PEAK FLOW * * 86 * * , , PH PEAK HR PEAK FLOW * 130 72 * * , REFERENCE: DUBLIN LOCATION: VOMAC RD. N/O SHANNON AVE. WEATHER: CLEAR FIGURE 6 T3KN HOURLY, I CHANNEL VEHICLE COUNT CORRECTION FACTOR: 1.00 PAGE 1 FILENANE: (HO FILE) TUESDAY 3/ 10/ 87 OPERATOR: I~IETEK .............................................................. · , SB HOUR NONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FR.II)AY WEE[DAY SATURDAY SUNDAY 7 DAY BEGINS 9 10 11 12 13 AVERAGE 14 15 AVERAGE 12 * * 2 * * 2 * * 2 I * * 2 * , 2 t , 2 2 * * 1 *' * I * * 1 3 * * 2 t , 2 * * 2 4 * * 3 * , 3 * * 3 5 * * 13 * * 13 * * 13 6 * * 46 * , 46 * * 46 7 * * I17 * , 119 * * 119 8 * * 160 * , 160 * * 160 9 * * 53 * , 53 * * 53 10 * * 52 * , 52 * * 52 11 * * 54 * , 54 * * 54 PN 12 * * 72 * , 72 * * 72 1 * * 62 * , 62 * * 62 2 * 87 * , , 87 * * 87 3 * 129 * , , 129 * * 129 4 * 120 * , , 120 * * 120 $ * 102 * , , I02 * * 102 6 * 80 * , , 80 * $ 80 7 * 57 * , , 57 * * 57 8 * 3S * , , 35 * * 35 9 * 29 * * , 29 *' * 29 10 * 19 * * * 19 * * 19 11 * 12 * * , 12 * * ~2 TOTALS * 670 641 * , 1311 * * 1311 Z AVG WKDAY * 51 49 * , I AVG DAY * 51 49 AH PEAk HR * * 8 PEA[ FLOW * * 160 , PM PEAK HR * 3 12 PEAK FLOW * 129 72 FIGURE 7 TSKM PAGE ! HOURLY, ! CHANNEL VEHICLE COUNT REFERENCE: DUBLIN CORRECTION FACTOR: 1.00 LOCATION: SHANNON AVE. N/O 90MAC RD. FILENAME: (NO FILE) WEATHER: CLEAR TUESDAY $ / 10 / 87 __ OPERATOR: MIETEK ' EB HOUR MONDAY TUESDAY ~EDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY ~EEKDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY ? DAY BEGINS 9 10 11 12 13 AVERAGE 14 15 AVERAGE .................................................................................................................................... AM I * * 2 ~ ~ 2 * ~ 2 4 * * 5 * , 5 * * S 5 * * 12 * , 12 * * J2 1 * * 82 * * 82 * * 82 8 * * 166 * , 166 * * 166 ? * * 45 * * 45 * * 45 11 * * 40 * , 40 * * 40 12 * * 45 * * 45 * * 45 I * * 46 * * 46 * * 46 2 * 89 * * , 89 * * 89 3 * JO? * * , 107 * * 101 S * 77 * , , 77 * * 77 6 * 51 * , , $I * * 51 7 * 35 * , , 35 * * 8 * 19 * , , i? * * 19 9 * 25 * , , 25 * * 25 10 * 15 * , , IS * * I1 * 10 * , , I0 * * 10 TOTALS * 494 521 * * 1015 * * lOIS I AVG WKDA¥ Z AVG DAY AM PEAK HR PEAK FLOW PM PEAK HR PEAK FLOW * 107 46 * , , , FIGURE 8' WARRANTS FOR FOUR-WAY STeP SIGN INSTALLATION Four-way stop sign installation may be considered if any of the following conditions exist, 1. VOL~4E (a) Total vehicular volume entering the intersection from all approaches must average 300 per hour for any 8 hours of an average day. (24-hour equival- ent approximately 4000 vehicles.) (b) In addition, the vehicular volume entering the in- tersection from the minor street or streets for the same 8 hours must average at least 1/3 of the total volume entering the intersection (100 per hour min.) 2. ACCIDENTS Five or more of types susceptible of correction by stop signs within a 12-month period, with satisfactory ob- servance and enforcement of less restrictive control. 3. VISIBILITY The straight line sight distance on one or more approach- es of the major street for vehicles or pedestrians cross- ing the intersection is less than 160 feet. 4. RESIDENTIAL AREA Volume warr~Lnts to be reduced to 60% of the values above if ALL of the following conditions are met, (a) Both streets have residential frontage with existing 25 mph speed limits. (b) Neither street is an adopted through street. (c) Neither street exceeds 40 feet of roadway width. (d) No existing stop sign or signal is located on the more heavily traveled street within a distance of 800 feet. (e) (f) Intersection has four legs, with streets extending 800 feet or more away from the intersection on at least three sides. Installation of a four-way stop is compatable with overall traffic circulation needs for the residen- tial area. FIGURE 9 STOP SIGN WARRANT ANALYSIS VOMAC ROAD AND SHANNON AVENUE .Warrant: a) Total vehicular volume for all approaches must average 300 vehicles per hour for any eight hours of an average day. b) In addition, the vehicular volume entering the intersection from the minor street for the same eight hours must average one-third or 100 vehicles per hour. ? a.m. 8_ Noon _~ ~_ 4_ ~ B_ Toeal Avg. ~67 41~ 189 ~6~ $61 1~01 $09 '~1'~ 2,314 289 Highest volume for 8 hrs. - All approaches Volume on minor street for same 8 hrs. (Shannon) 166 46 89 107 66 77 51 683 85 FIG~B.~ 10 CITY OF DUBLIN SLTMMA~Y OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ¥OMAC ROAD BETWEEN LAI~DALE AVENUE AND SAN KAMON ROAD Date 10/13 9/s Location .1984 Vomac Road 105' E/O Deervale Road Vomac Road 40' S/O Millbrook Avenue Vomac Road at San Ramon Road 1985 - none !986 Vomac Road at Shannon Avenue Vomac Road 116' S/O Millbrook Aveneu Vomac Road at San Ramon Road 1987- none Type Injury rear-end (2 parked) sideswipe (parked) none rear-end (parked) none sideswipe none sideswipe (parked) none broadside I Mr. Lee Thompson -3- March 13, 1987 per hour. STOP sign warrants are not met at this intersection. Therefore, it is assumed that warrants are not met at any other intersection on Vomac Road between Landale Avenue and San Ramon Road. Accident History The accident history on Vomac Road shows three accidents in 1984, none in 1985 and three in 1986. There have been no accidents thus far in 1987. As the attached Figure 10 shows, the predominant type of accident involves parked cars. Other than that, there is no predominant pattern of accidents. It is evident that STOP sign installations would not help to significantly reduce the accident situation on Vomac Road. Recommendations Based on the studies that were conducted, there is a need to reduce the speeds along Vomac Road. TJKM recommends that the following actions be taken to help mitigate the problem: 1. Increase police enforcement on Vomac Road, especially in the afternoon peak period and at noon. Repaint the double yellow stripe on ¥omac Road. Install raised reflecti've pavement markers along the outer edge of the existing double yellow stripe. This will effectively narrow the lane and give a warning to drivers going too fast for the curves. The sound and feeling of running over the markers should cause some inattentive drivers to slow down. 3. Ask school administrators to stress to parents of school children to obey speed laws and warn them that speed violators will be cited. STOP signs are not recommended because they are not effective speed reducing devices. nlc Enclosures 157-001